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In at least one of the trials, a trans panic defense – an extension of the gay panic defense – was employed. The other two defendants pleaded guilty or no contest to voluntary manslaughter. Two defendants were convicted of second-degree murder, but not convicted on the requested hate crime enhancements. 2002 – Gwen Araujo of Newark, California, a Hispanic teenage trans woman, was killed by four men, two of whom she had had sexual relations with, who beat and strangled her after discovering she was transgender.Rivera cited the crime among the reasons to add a broad definition of gender to the New York City Human Rights Law. After Milan's murder, Rivera reformed a transgender activist group, Street Trans Activist Revolutionaries (STAR). Transgender activist Sylvia Rivera worked towards seeing that Milan's death was investigated, and organized Milan's political funeral along with demonstrations claiming a disconnection of transgender rights from the larger LGBT communities. A man named David Anderson reportedly helped McCuller escape from the scene. McCuller grabbed it, and stabbed Milan in the neck. As he walked away, another young man, Eugene Celestine, told McCuller he had a knife. Milan stood up to him and asked him if he wanted to fight. 2000 – Amanda Milan, a 25-year-old trans woman, was walking by Times Square, Manhattan, New York City, when Dwayne McCuller walked up and began to harass and threaten her.The crime became the subject of the Academy Award-winning film Boys Don't Cry. Two men were convicted of first-degree murder in the incident, one of whom was sentenced to death. 1993 – Brandon Teena, a 21-year-old transgender man, was raped and murdered in Falls City, Nebraska on 31 December.Her death spurred the LGBT community to publicly fight against violence. 1991 – Sonia Rescalvo Zafra, a 45-year-old transgender woman, was killed in the Parc de la Ciutadella by six neo-Nazi skinheads who kicked her and her friend Dori repeatedly in the head while they were lying on the floor.Plaque dedicated to Sonia Rescalvo Zafra on the bandstand of the Parc de la Ciutadella in Barcelona, Spain, near the place where she was assassinated
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In 2014, Douglas Gutridge was charged with murder on the basis of DNA evidence he pleaded not guilty, and died in 2016 before the case came to trial.
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1988 – Venus Xtravaganza was strangled to death in New York City on 21 December.Īccording to the Human Rights Campaign, as of November 2021, at least 45 transgender and gender non-conforming people have been killed, surpassing the total from 2020. In 2020, ABC News "independently confirmed 34 violent deaths of transgender and gender non-conforming people in 2020 at the time of publication." This was published by Good Morning America. In 2019, the American Medical Association called the violence against trans people an "epidemic".
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The murder of trans people has served as an impetus to the establishment of the Transgender Day of Remembrance (TDoR).